… immunity to influenza viruses, we review our current understanding of the effects of aging on
adaptive immune responses to influenza and discuss current and future avenues of vaccine …

… Below we detail current mechanistic understanding of age-related changes in T cells, as
well as discuss those in B cells, that may account for these alterations in older individuals. …

… vaccination. This review addresses current knowledge of age-related changes that affect
vaccine … humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, current vaccination schedules for …

… aging and certainly affect vaccination. Likewise, age-related changes in the innate immune
system may have important consequences on antigen presentation and priming of adaptive …

… Older people have reduced immune responses to infection and vaccination. B cell … ,
some of these changes may be due to age-related changes in accessory cells/signals. Other …

… summarize published results on age-related changes in response to … how aging affects the
response to the influenza vaccine with a … associated with aging lead to immune dysfunction. …

… -aging as they pertain to age-related physiologic changes in the immune system, and how
these influence the host immune … how aging impacts the innate and adaptive immune systems …

… immune responses following vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine 2 in elderly …
We conclude that the elderly are a high-risk population and that specific measures to boost …

… immunity in this highly vaccinated older adult population and suggest that older males
are particularly vulnerable to reduced pre-existing humoral immunity to influenza. … Age-related …

… the impacts of aging is the immune system, with age-related changes in immunity being
responsible … diseases and a decrease in the effectiveness of vaccinations. In addition, the innate …