COVID-19, cytokines, inflammation, and spices: How are they related?

AB Kunnumakkara, V Rana, D Parama, K Banik… - Life sciences, 2021 - Elsevier
Life sciences, 2021Elsevier
Background Cytokine storm is the exaggerated immune response often observed in viral
infections. It is also intimately linked with the progression of COVID-19 disease as well as
associated complications and mortality. Therefore, targeting the cytokine storm might help in
reducing COVID-19-associated health complications. The number of COVID-19 associated
deaths (as of January 15, 2021; https://www. worldometers. info/coronavirus/) in the USA is
high (1199/million) as compared to countries like India (110/million). Although the reason …
Background
Cytokine storm is the exaggerated immune response often observed in viral infections. It is also intimately linked with the progression of COVID-19 disease as well as associated complications and mortality. Therefore, targeting the cytokine storm might help in reducing COVID-19-associated health complications. The number of COVID-19 associated deaths (as of January 15, 2021; https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) in the USA is high (1199/million) as compared to countries like India (110/million). Although the reason behind this is not clear, spices may have some role in explaining this difference. Spices and herbs are used in different traditional medicines, especially in countries such as India to treat various chronic diseases due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Aim
To evaluate the literature available on the anti-inflammatory properties of spices which might prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 associated cytokine storm.
Method
A detailed literature search has been conducted on PubMed for collecting information pertaining to the COVID-19; the history, origin, key structural features, and mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2; the repurposed drugs in use for the management of COVID-19, and the anti-inflammatory role of spices to combat COVID-19 associated cytokine storm.
Key findings
The literature search resulted in numerous in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials that have reported the potency of spices to exert anti-inflammatory effects by regulating crucial molecular targets for inflammation.
Significance
As spices are derived from Mother Nature and are inexpensive, they are relatively safer to consume. Therefore, their anti-inflammatory property can be exploited to combat the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. This review thus focuses on the current knowledge on the role of spices for the treatment of COVID-19 through suppression of inflammation-linked cytokine storm.
Elsevier
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