… for defect identification. The signal analysis includes the application of discrete wavelet …
Therefore, in this study, kurtosis of the DWT is considered for defect identification. The …

… by DWT (discrete wavelet transform) to continuously detect defects in friction stir welding. …
The present research focuses on applying discrete wavelet transform on spindle torque signal …

… The square of errors obtained from F z signal by continuous waveform transform (CWT)
can identify the defect location properly. In addition, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was …

… As a solid welding technology, friction stir welding had the advantages of small stress …
During friction stir welding (FSW), the heat generated by the friction between the stirring tool and …

… such as friction stir spot welding (FSSW), assisted friction stir welding (AFSW), stationary
shoulder friction stir welding (SSFSW), friction stir channeling (FSC) and friction stir processing (…

… Roberts used discrete wavelet decomposition of the process forces and then trained two
types of ANNs for classification. Decision Trees and K-nearest-neighbour algorithms were …

… In the present work, the discrete wavelet transformation, a signal processing approach
has been applied on the axial force and torque which decompose signals into detail and …

… inline welding process of force-based defect detection in FSW using PSD values calculated
from the welding … of the proposed methodology for defect detection in a variety of scenarios. …

… friction stir welding (FSW), bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) is an advanced solid-state
welding technology that uses a … Instead of using a fixed backing plate, an additional …

… The relationships between the amplitudes of the force transients and the size of the defects
generated in the friction stir welds contained in this study will be examined in-depth in a …