… Essentially, all these metasurface-based antenna arrays fall … Downlink Transmission
Model We consider the downlink wideband transmission from an RmMIMO BS to U single-antenna …

… high-rate multi-user downlink MIMO systems through fully digital and hybrid … for massive
MIMO systems do not apply to the SBF due to the low resolution of beamforming in such systems…

… Next, we derive the downlink achievable sum spectral efficiency (SE) with regularized
zero-forcing (RZF) precoding in closed-form being dependent only on large-scale statistics by …

… from the conventional hybrid precoding in massive MIMO systems. Since the phase matrix
is … of a reconfigurable holographic metasurface aperture for dynamic focusing in the Fresnel …

… However, as massive MIMO evolves into ultramassive MIMO, the cost and power consumption
of phased arrays, reliant on high-resolution phase shifters, become prohibitive [25]. To …

… number of IRS reflecting elements and base station (BS) antennas have to be controlled, …
massive MIMO systems. Under this protocol, the IRS reflection coefficients are optimized based …

… with multiple users in the downlink direction, while sensing … efficiently in FD massive MIMO
systems operating in millimeter… scalable technology of Dynamic Metasurface Antennas (…

… on the metasurface according to the holographic interference principle [10], based on which
… to obtain the global optimal solution, we develop a dynamic programming-based algorithm …

… considers an antenna structure where a (non-large) array of … tional MIMO antenna with a
large number of active antenna … of channel estimation, downlink signal processing, power control…

… of a cell-free massive MIMO system. The spectral efficiencies … simulation results for the
downlink, because the performance … Specifically, an IRS is a metasurface consisting of a large set …