… -down feedback, feedback is ubiquitous and plays an important role in modulating neuronal
… In general, the effects of the nCRF modulation include two aspects: surround suppression …

… the modulation by CT feedback for stimuli of various sizes, we revealed that CT feedback
sharpens dLGN RFs and increases surround … rebound effects at the edge of the cortical area …

… distinct excitatory receptive field that surrounds the ffRF. This … In addition, we blurred the
edge of the patches using a sigmoid … We calculated the modulation index as the difference …

… for feedback connections [28]. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that modeling various
surround modulations, typical in neurons of the visual cortex, boosts the performance of …

… thus also response variability. Finally, we test predictions about surround modulation of firing
… However, when testing the GSM response to stimuli of fixed size, we found that an increase …

… This review will focus on extrinsic and intrinsic signal modulation in the first synaptic layer
(… of smaller center and surround improves spatial discrimination and edge detection (see “…

… Two characteristics of V1 surround modulation—collinear facilitation and flexible surround
… in the visual cortex serve to detexturize images—enhancing contour representations at the …

… Materials), we have its pulse response at the image plane … ) for edge detection and its
corresponding meta-modulator (… clear edge that has a high contrast to the surrounding background…

… to the broadband response of geometric phase modulation, the … designed a broadband
spiral metalens for edge detection, … are modulated by the ring-shaped nanoslits surrounding the …

… exhibit head direction-modulated boundary responses 16,17 . … The ‘on-centre–off-surround’
object vector cell receptive … that border cells may serve in immediate obstacle detection 32 …