… quality of the science nor its ex-ante commercial potential, … the life sciences whereas we seek
to analyze the entire scientific … the gender composition of the patent we omit the inventor(s) …

… disparities at these key early time points and settings (eg, high school science and math …
we have used a binary definition of gender identity (men vs women), which reflects the state of …

… office and our matching are likely to be less accurate for women… a ′ = 89 β a ′ AD pia ′ +
∑ f = 1 f = 5 β f FD pif + α i + ε pi … of the distribution of patents by age and gender of inventors. …

… hear as we present on gender disparities in science. These … Other disciplines of the natural
sciences would still need, at … particularly conference proceedings and patenting— tend to be …

… However, our results found that the productivity of women scientists, based on submission
of … Further, we recognize that there are genders other than the male, female, and non-binary …

… We find that Natural Sciences is the most gender imbalanced discipline, with the lowest
average share of women among top-cited scientists (9.54%) and the smallest variation (sd = …

… and development, science and technology, and gender and women's studies in general), …
Finally, in the field of industrial and business management, there are no studies that clearly …

… graduate students in the life sciences can receive as they … , and patents. In addition, we
record the year in which each … Across their entire career, men and women scientists in our …

… scientific workforce from 1980 to 2019, as well as patenting and commercialization data, we
examine racial and gender … ; Biological Sciences include Agricultural Sciences. Data only …

… study of health science researchers controlling for sub-… especially research productivity,
patent creation, funding and … of female faculty may narrow the productivity gender gap. Mayer …