… Deflationary pressures and impaired transmission mechanisms … pressures and changes in
central bank practices in 13 … global economy and, in particular, for smaller economies, if the …

… International Monetary Fund (IMF), we argue that through prescribing structural loan conditions
on central banks (CBI conditionality), the IMF empowers central … from political pressures, …

… such as strengthened central bank independence or more credible … pressures on central
banks to inflate—including globalization, … Central bank reforms across the world—often made in …

… , central banks unwittingly fueled the credit expansion that … of technology and globalization.
Even more serious is the near… criticism and pressure. However, CBI is not absolute since …

… Third, to contain inflationary pressures, governments actively … of policies that guide income
distribution. Our argument can … , we rely on data from the World Bank’s PovcalNet database. …

… an emergency, and any temporary expansion or unusual use of … he pressures of the COVID-19
pandemic are forcing an … pandemic has effectively put the global economy in a temporary …

… and the process of globalisation, with implications for the … economies, through competitive
pressures exerted on low-… its transmission and the potential impact on other central bank policy …

… that financial globalization has helped the Bank of England … It is by understanding these
implementation and transmission … , the United States) or create capital flight pressures, in which …

… the outlines of a new history of central banking from the early … towards formal central bank
independence which began in … the economy’s deflationary pressures and drive a change in …

… new dynamic index of central bank independence (CBI) and … An external pressure to
reform also comes from international … I include the change in the KOF Economic Globalization …