… an Internet service provider high above Earth’s surface, to … Imagine the pipe as two straight
lengths of pipe joined … by taking up data from one ground station and delivering it to another, …

… between the HAPS node and the ground station (GS). In the … In optical communication, Mie
scattering is considered to be … The Earth’s atmosphere extends up to 700 km above ground …

… to the direct access scenarios due to the introduction of a potentially large number of on-ground …
New spectrum, up to optical communications, shall be investigated, in particular, for the …

… at the optical layer are the intensity modulation with direct … space optical communication to
improve the performance level of … the aircraft or a ground station on the surface of the earth. …

… Earth (appearing motionless to an observer on the ground), … deployment scenarios: indirect
and direct satellite IoT. It is … application data with the ground station connected to the core …

… , design, security, management, reliability, efficiency, distance, … and high-voltage direct
current over long distances high-… technology is a protection ground wire for optical cable s in …

… directive ground terminal antennas to … communication (MTC) traffic [2]. On the contrary,
some major technological gaps still need to be filled to ensure efficient direct mobile user terminal …

… The underlying map in a is from Google Earth with image … (Direct detection of the incoming
power at the 100 fW level would … -to-ground optical communications link using adaptive optics …

… in percent (%) of the population of each continent or world … with the WiFi network used for
direct access. Thus, we follow … In fact, their satellite to ground communications require high-…

… In the UAV-to-ground communication model, we suppose that the UAV/vehicle-mounted
base station is equipped with a single antenna with omnidirectional unit gain. The UAV-to…