… route for delivering messages from the sender to the recipient within the global Internet network
is called routing and is one of the fundamental systems of … For proper routing that would …

… two levels of information for routing messages and is based on source-destination distance.
… used landmarks and designed a method to route messages between them. In this method, it …

… To that end, we propose a position-based reliable emergency message routing (REMR) …
for robust routing of EMs. REMR also offers a beaconing control strategy to enhance message …

… The transmission of messages was assisted by the first telecommunication … routed to
yield joins, interconnecting hubs. The first media transmission systems for telecommunication …

… In 2013, Cisco Systems proposed to develop an updated … networks, which was named
Segment Routing (SR). SR … between routers, a very active exchange of signaling messages will …

… be used in building a network system that resistant to a natural … route the message via
multiple paths simultaneously [147]. Thus, even though only a single path is available for routing…

… copy of message instance mij , where M is the set of all message instance copies … message
m1 transmitted from end systems v0 to v6. To achieve the required reliability, each message …

… Initially, the token agent receives the RReq message by which the packet type to be route
is identified. The TABRP protocol is applied for selecting stable links for multimedia packets. …

… routing scheme, called packet switching arose [90]. To transmit a message, the message …
could result in oscillatory routing behavior and stabilizing the system was possible but only …

… routing to provide a dynamic hop-by-hop rebroadcast of the EM. SPDR dynamically shrinks
the Routing … through global positioning systems and wheel speed sensors, respectively. The …