door (D2D) service, first-mile last-mile (FMLM) connections to transit stations, and as a low-
cost transit vehicle. This paper leverages the agent-based simulator POLARIS to analyze the
deployment of different SAV services in an integrated transit system for a 5% population
sample of the Greater Chicago region. Accounting for 15% of the mode share, 12,000 SAVs
offered D2D service at $0.50 per-mile for trips averaging 4.6 miles.