… The political party has reached its lowest level of trust and reputation. In this article, I will deal
with the outcome of parties … and roles of political parties in advanced democratic societies. …

… -formal model explaining party unity in legislative … party unity in 11 western parliamentary
democracies since 1945. On the system level, central party control over nominations and intra-…

… approach to party system institutionalization, we conclude by analysing the impact of closure
on democracy. We … Major internal ruptures in democracy mark the beginning and the end of …

… political process and its workings. This chapter outlines the key actors in the Irish party system
… such as the Greens, and because of a greater commitment to internal party democracy, …

… political party's centralistic policy contributes greatly to the destruction of the democratic order
in the internal political parties. … autonomy from the political party system, which eliminates …

… , and between party organization on paper and in reality. We ascertain the need for more …
theme of intra-party democracy in representative democracies. The study of party organization …

… One way to conceptualize competition in a party system is to map the positions of parties on
… As part of their transformation, both parties purged moderate members and quieted internal …

… , and this approach had an impact on party studies as well. … —of party systems and the most
prominent party system … , how party finances are regulated, or whether internal organization …

… In the conclusion I discuss the implications of this research for our under… Democratic and
Republican parties, and American politics more broadly. I discuss how different kinds of political …

… In contrast, a second group of scholars focus on the internal structures, … party system. Whilst
there has been some progress in the consolidation and solidification of political parties at the …