… We also consider turbo codes and convolutional codes used in 3G and 4G in Section V.
The coding schemes in the upcoming sections will be presented in chronological order, …

… , such as 4 QPSK with a coding rate of 0.663 and a BER of 0.001 … Convolution codes. The
performance is improved in the following simulated comparison of 16 QAM with a coding rate …

… to the encoder combined with modulator called trellis code … Bit interleaver is used for
systematic distribution for QAM … The convolution codes and trellis codes have low encoding …

… generated codes are mapped to constellation M-QAM using Gray mapping. For M -QAM …
This paper addresses a multi-level scheme for coding with convolution codes as part codes to …

… coding scheme, such as convolutional codes in 2G, turbo … like ‘quadrature amplitude
modulation (QAM)’ or ‘phase shift … Space-time trellis coding combines signal processing at the …

… Channel Coding As we use convolutional codes as one of the components to build our …
in Chapter 4 - 6, we will give a detailed literature review on convolutional codes in Chapter 3…

… in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) trellis based convolutional codes which are designed for
AWGN … generalized orthogonality principles with the Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) …

… using different modulations: QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM over … Trellis coded modulation
schemes. They showed that large gains could be obtained by using simple convolutional codes …

… The performance of turbo codes is significantly better than that of convolutional codes. The
… communications continued to use turbo codes as the channel coding scheme, with certain …

… by puncturing, Turbo code exhibits poor performance at a rate greater than 1/3 [26]. … the
convolutional coding technique utilized in LTE. We consider two tail-biting convolutional codes (…