… , we observed that visually impaired participants want to use visualizations to accomplish …
can perform with visualizations, are not fully enabled for people with visual impairments. For …

… work with data, also known as data literacy, is becoming a vital skill for everyone [Shr18]. By
leveraging our visual perception, visualizations enable … visualization tasks visually impaired …

… visually impaired people and enable reasoning on these charts. Today, machine learning
algorithms generate visualisation … to use visualization,” in Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 38, …

… of proteins using the free biomolecular visualization software, Visual Molecular … enabled
blind students to analyze the protein structures. The results enabled undergraduate blind …

… Furthermore, the use and need for visualizations is not just confined to data experts: …
visualization comes from interactivity. Interaction facilitates data exploration—for example, allowing …

… in users with near or total blindness, enabling the blind community to perceive complex 3D
objects from 2D media. Members of the blind community rely heavily on tactile illustrations, …

… investigated the use of multimodal interfaces to enable users … devices, data and visualization
literacy have become an … sighted users to draw insights from data visualizations [32, 49, 87, …

… of “VEs that were developed to enable people who are blind to improve their O&M skills” (…
and classification, effects such as visualization-related seemingly weightings cannot be …

… for web-based visualizations. We identify three design dimensions for enabling an expressive
… 13 blind or visually impaired screen reader users. We identify specific features that make …

… on how to evaluate accessible data visualizations. We present … enables designers, developers,
researchers, and auditors to evaluate data-driven visualizations and interfaces for visual, …