… , we recount the historical evolution of fasting and we critically … In summary, Ramadan is a
form of intermittent fasting that … eat and digest following their rhythmic circadian pattern [34]. If …

… This reduction in the morning to evening cortisol ratio seems to be consistent in the few
studies that have looked at cortisol circadian rhythmicity during Ramadan fasting. …

… clinical nutrition and the circadian system. Although nocturnal … combined with nutrition has
evolved into a scientific field known … fasting can vary from <1 to 200 d, with Ramadan fasting—…

… the importance of circadian rhythms in intermittent fasting may enlighten whether the … in
Ramadan fasting may be due to disruption of circadian rhythms or not. From an evolutionary …

… From an evolutionary perspective, the circadian system probably … to Ramadan fasting. That
phase alignment between hormone rhythms presents differentially during Ramadan fasting …

… A spectrum of therapeutic drugs has evolved since the beginning of … fasting play a critical
role in maintaining a healthy circadian … Ramadan fasting [15] is dawn to sunset fasting that is …

… Ramadan fasting (RF) is characterized by daily abstinence from food and fluid intake from
dawn to sunset. The understanding of the Ramadan effects on the diurnal variations of athletic …

… TRE, traditional TRE, and Ramadan fasting, on two markers of circadian rhythm, cortisol and
… that diurnal IF through Ramadan causes very apparent circadian shifts in cortisol secretion. …

… • Both Ramadan and non-Ramadan intermittent fasting are effective on fat mass and body
… with non-Ramadan intermittent fasting and this type of intermittent fasting, combined with …

… have shown that Ramadan fasting promoted minimal improvements in fasting glucose in … ,
humans have evolutionary conserved cellular responses to adapt to prolonged fasting periods …