A bold re-conceptualization of the fundamentals driving behavior and dynamics in
cyberspace. Most cyber operations and campaigns fall short of activities that states would …

This article relates American efforts to develop strategic 'cyber deterrence'as a means to
deter adversarial actions in and through global cyberspace. Thus far, interests-based cyber …

The USA is in the midst of its most resounding policy shift on cyber conflict with profound
implications for national security and the future of the Internet. The US Department of …

US national cybersecurity strategy, to be effective must align with the structural features and
operational characteristics of the domain. Yet, this article contends that the current US …

Some pundits claim cyber weaponry is the most important military innovation in decades, a
transformative new technology that promises a paralyzing first-strike advantage difficult for …

Policymakers and academics have raised concerns over escalation should states adopt a
more proactive cyberspace posture. The unspoken context for those fears is potential …

In the context of recent shifts in cybersecurity policy in the United States, this paper
examines the character of cyber conflict through time. Data on cyber actions from 2000 to …

How difficult is cyber deterrence? Some theorists argue that it is quite difficult. 1 These
skeptics make valid points; the domain of cyberspace does pose unique challenges for an …

What are the dynamics of coercion in cyberspace? Can states use cyber means as
independent tools of coercion to influence the behavior of adversaries? This article critically …

For some realists, cyber warfare is 'old wine in new bottles', with marginal added value. This
misses the larger possibilities for political/military chain reactions that cyber warfare may …