Behavioral ecologists have long studied the role of coloration as a defense against natural
enemies. Recent reviews of defensive coloration have emphasized that these visual signals …

The strategies underlying different forms of protective coloration are well understood but little
attention has been paid to the ecological, life‐history and behavioural circumstances under …

Individuals of many species are considered to rely on a single type of external appearance
to escape predation but there are many notable exceptions. To develop an ecological …

Defensive coloration that reduces the risk of predation is considered to be widespread in
animals. Many closely related species adopt differing coloration strategies during the life …

The ability to change appearance over a range of timescales is widespread in nature,
existing in many invertebrate and vertebrate groups. This can include color change …

Conspicuous displays of color comprise an enormously diverse and functionally complex
class of biological signals. Many of these displays are widely publicized as resulting from …

While there have been a number of recent advances in our understanding of the evolution of
animal color patterns, much of this work has focused on color patterns that are constantly …

The world in color presents a dazzling dimension of phenotypic variation. Biological interest
in this variation has burgeoned, due to both increased means for quantifying spectral …

I examine Alfred Russel Wallace's six biological categories of coloration of animals and
plants, and review how they have been developed over the subsequent century and a half …

Animals from a wide range of taxonomic groups are capable of colour change, of which
camouflage is one of the main functions. A considerable amount of past work on this subject …