Background: Depression is a major public health problem among youth, currently estimated
to affect as many as 9% of US children and adolescents. The recognition that both genes …

Background: Genetic risks for depression may be expressed through greater exposure
towards environmental stressors (gene–environment correlation, rGE) and increased …

This article reviews family, twin, and adoption studies of childhood and adolescent
depression. Results from several family and twin studies suggest that an etiologic …

Gene by environment (GxE) interaction studies have investigated the influence of a number
of candidate genes and variants for major depressive disorder (MDD) on the association …

Research has focused more and more on the interplay between genetics and environment
in predicting different forms of psychopathology, including depressive symptoms. While the …

Objective: Gene–environment (GxE) interactions may comprise an important part of the
aetiology of depression, and childhood maltreatment (CM), a significant stressor, has …

Background: Genotype× environment interaction (G× E) arises when genes influence
sensitivity to the environment. G× E is easily recognized in experimental organisms that …

BackgroundPrevious work suggests that daily life stress-sensitivity may be an intermediary
phenotype associated with both genetic risk for depression and developmental stress …

Objective Depression is associated with various environmental risk factors such as stress,
childhood maltreatment experiences, and stressful life events. Current approaches to assess …

Introduction Although the aetiology and pathophysiology of depression are multifactorial, to
date most studies have examined either biological or environmental mechanisms without …