Background: Interleukine-2 is a multifunctional cytokine, considered a central regulator of
host resistance against a variety of pathogens and has been recently demonstrated to exert …

Background: Periodontal diseases are infectious diseases in which periodontalpathogens
trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses. Interleukine-6 is a multifunctional …

The accumulation of plaque that triggers the inflammatory and immune responses to
bacterial plaque is a major cause of gingivitis and periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is an …

Background: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is considered a central regulator of host resistance
against a variety of pathogens. The influence of scaling and root planing was evaluated on …

Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease. It occurs due to
inflammation and destruction of tooth-supporting tissues by subgingival microbiota …

Objective Regulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a critical element of immune responses in
health and disease. Additional research is required to determine the levels of interleukin-1 …

Objectives. This study aimed to analyse the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and
the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with chronic …

Background: smoking is the major environmental risk factor that has been associated with
the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal diseases. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), has been …

The diagnosis of active phases of periodontal disease and the identification of patients at
risk for active disease pose a challenge for periodontist. Advances in oral and periodontal …

Objective: The role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and
tissue destruction at the periodontal site has been widely reported. This study aimed to …