Activation of both of a bilingual's languages during auditory word recognition has been
widely documented. Here, we argue that if parallel activation in bilinguals is the result of a …

Spoken word recognition is characterized by multiple activation of sound patterns that are
consistent with the acoustic-phonetic input. Recently, an extreme form of multiple activation …

Research on bilingual language processing indicates that bilinguals activate both
languages during listening (Marian & Spivey, 2003a, 2003b; Spivey & Marian, 1999) …

We exploit the phenomenon of cross-modal, cross-language activation to examine the
dynamics of language processing. Previous within-language work showed that seeing a …

The traditional language switch hypothesis, according to which bilinguals can selectively
activate and deactivate either language, has been repeatedly challenged in recent studies …

A bilingual's language system is highly interactive. When hearing a second language (L2),
bilinguals access native-language (L1) words that share sounds across languages. In the …

A recent model of sound change posits that the direction of change is determined, at least in
part, by the distribution of variation within speech communities. We explore this model in the …

Spoken word recognition is central to language, as words link sound, articulation, and
spelling to meaning and syntax. Decades of work has yielded consensus that the …

Purpose: This study investigates the effects of bilingual language modes (or settings) on the
speech production patterns of a group of early Catalan/Spanish bilinguals from Majorca …

A large literature has shown that language context–mixing and switching between
languages–impacts lexical access processes during bilingual speech production. Recent …