Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of Interleukin-1α (IL-1α),
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), Interleukin-10 (IL-10) …

Background This study provides a vital insight in assessing the clinical and biochemical
changes in interleukin (IL)-1β levels in peri-miniscrew crevicular fluid (PMCF) during the …

Background The temporary anchorage devices (TADs) which include miniscrew implants
(MSIs) have evolved as useful armamentarium in the management of severe malocclusions …

The peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid is analogous to gingival crevicular fluid, and its
contents reflect the state of inflammation and health during the life of the miniscrews in the …

Objective: To determine the levels of proinflammatory cytokines around miniscrews with and
without loading, used during orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: A descriptive …

The aim of this study was to identify the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-8 around
miniscrews used for anchorage during canine distalization. Sixteen patients (eight males …

Objectives: Miniscrew has been frequently used, considering that anchorage control is a
critical point in orthodontic treatment, and its failure, the main adverse problem. Using two …

Objectives To analyze macrophage–colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), a bone remodeling
biomarker in the peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (PMICF) after insertion and …

Miniscrews have become an important addition to the orthodontic armamentarium since
their use in enhancing anchorage. They are now the most sought after options in orthodontic …

Objective: To determine whether interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels are elevated around
microscrew implants that are used as anchorage for tooth movement. Materials and …