Introduction Although researchers have done intensive research on depression, its
pathogenesis is still not fully explained. More and more evidence suggests that gut …

Gut microbiome diversity has been strongly associated with mood-relating behaviours,
including major depressive disorder (MDD). This association stems from the recently …

Depression is the major cause of disability globally. Apart from lowered mood and
accompanying symptoms, it leads to cognitive impairment that altogether predicts …

An emerging body of literature demonstrates differences in the gut microbiome (GMB) of
patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy controls (HC), as well …

Gut microbiota, also known as the “second brain” in humans because of the regulatory role it
has on the central nervous system via neuronal, chemical and immune pathways. It has …

Depression remains one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with many patients not
responding adequately to available treatments. Chronic or early-life stress is one of the key …

Major depression is one of the leading causes of disability, morbidity, and mortality
worldwide. The brain–gut axis functions are disturbed, revealed by a dysfunction of the …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric condition that affects a large number of
people in the world, and the treatment existents do not work for all individuals affected. Thus …

Depression is one of the most poorly understood diseases due to its elusive pathogenesis.
There is an urgency to identify molecular and biological mechanisms underlying depression …

Background Patients suffering from depression experience significant mood, anxiety, and
cognitive symptoms. Currently, most antidepressants work by altering neurotransmitter …