Highly pathogenic virus infections usually trigger cytokine storms, which may have adverse
effects on vital organs and result in high mortalities. The two cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a new coronavirus, namely severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is currently spreading all over …

Extensive clinical experience has shown that systemic interleukin (IL)-2 administration can
induce complete or partial regression of renal cell cancer (RCC) metastases in 15 to 20% of …

The hyper-inflammatory response is thought to be a major cause of acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19. Although multiple cytokines are …

Immune cells secrete small protein molecules that aim for cell–cell communications. These
small molecules are called cytokines. Targeting cancer cells with administration of bispecific …

Our recently published research on the characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
pathogenesis in swine, identified a systemic upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) during the …

Emerging respiratory viruses are major health threats due to their potential to cause massive
outbreaks. Over the past 2 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has …

By June 2021, a new contagious disease, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has
infected more than 172 million people worldwide, causing more than 3.7 million deaths …

Antiviral type I interferons (IFN) produced in the early phase of viral infections effectively
inhibit viral replication, prevent virus-mediated tissue damages and promote innate and …

Hyper-induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, also known as a cytokine storm or cytokine
release syndrome (CRS), is one of the key aspects of the currently ongoing SARS-CoV-2 …