… In addition, 80% of faults occur within the first/last mile. Therefore, in this paper, we … in-service
integrated fault management mechanisms at the distribution drop fibers (DDFs) in EPON. …

… Drop Distribution Fiber (DDF) link faults or transceiver failure … preventive and post-fault
management mechanisms. Section … network operators for in-service failure detection against the …

… , then the problem relates to the distribution fiber located between the … , while other channels
are still in service to maximize the link … To reduce the cost and enhance the benefit, we are …

… The feeder fiber from the CO is brought to a fiber distribution … , while other channels are still
in service to maximize the link … To reduce the cost and enhance the benefit, we introduced …

… by the fault management system is to detect any failure/fault … We performed an experiment
to evaluate our in-service fault … to switch the distributed signals from failure line to the …

… In-service monitoring of NG-PONs’ fiber infrastructure without … ), we use EPON as the
preferred medium of choice. For … power network distribution components, we place fiber optic …

… of our knowledge, a novel in-service live fiber-to-thehome (… that the fault occurred in the
feeder instead of the distribution … Network expansion can continues naturally and is better …

… the end of the distribution drop fiber (DDF). Hence, it is important to provide refined protection
with an advanced fault-protection … EPON for EF should be less than 5 ms [37], [38]. The “No …

… The fibre will reach a fibre distribution point or passive … , is used for failure detection control
and in-service troubleshooting in … the fibre fault management system is to detect any fibre fault …

… failure conditions in the drop region of tree topology in EPON … (ONU) by monitoring the
distribution fiber using the traffic that is … for failure detection control and in-service troubleshooting. …