… vehicle images, it is difficult to detect and identify vehicle types quickly and precisely. For
solving this problem, a new vehicle detection and classification … an optimization of the YOLOv4 …

… improved YOLOv4. This model adopts the end-to-end design idea and optimizes the YOLOv4
… introduced into the YOLOv3 model to realize vehicle detection in snowy, foggy, and other …

… The efficiency of vehicle vision-based detecting systems has greatly improved thanks to
substantial … object’s global and local features and further optimize the detection accuracy. …

… improve detection precision and shorten the inference time. The network structure of YOLOv4
… In this study, we applied two models, YOLOv4 and Faster R-CNN, for vehicle detection in …

… Classification via CNN CNNs were used alongside YOLOv4 in vehicle classification to improve
detection … “Yolov4: Optimal speed and accuracy of object detec-tion.” arXiv preprint arXiv:…

… and efficient computer vision based YOLOv4 object detection algorithm. Major … vehicle
detection is most improved iteration and the latest version in the YOLO methodology, ie, YOLOv4…

… YOLOv4: The bag of freebies and bag of specials concepts were introduced in YOLOv4 [104]
as methods for improving … It is evident from the table that our model has optimized training …

… In recent years, vision-based object detection has made great … to optimize anchor box size,
a Distance-IoU loss to optimize … Likelihood-field-model-based dynamic vehicle detection and …

… The increased vehicle density on the road network puts … In this research, we optimize
the deep learning trained YOLO … Yun, "Vision-based vehicle detection and counting system …