To date, no studies have investigated the prevalence of post-COVID-19 conditions in patients with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD). Addressing this research gap is crucial, as understanding post-COVID-19 conditions in IDD patients can improve care planning, and it is essential not to overlook this vulnerable population in COVID-19 studies. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of post-COVID-19 conditions in patients with IDD and compare their risk with that of the general population.

Using the TriNetX network, we identified patients with and without an IDD who had COVID-19. Subsequently, we compared the risk of developing any post-COVID-19 condition between these two groups, during the 90–180-day follow-up after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

During the follow-up, patients with an IDD exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of post-COVID-19 conditions compared to the general population (hazard ratio [HR], 1.120; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.053–1.191). Specifically, COVID-19 survivors with IDD had a significantly increased risk of experiencing abnormal breathing (HR, 1.216; 95% CI: 1.077–1.373), abdominal symptoms (HR, 1.259; 95% CI: 1.128–1.406), fatigue (HR, 1.397; 95% CI: 1.216–1.606), anxiety/depression (HR, 1.157; 95% CI: 1.050–1.274), cognitive symptoms (HR, 1.828; 95% CI: 1.529–2.186), myalgia (HR, 1.325; 95% CI: 1.077–1.631), sleep disturbances (HR, 1.481; 95% CI: 1.148–1.910), and cough (HR, 1.315; 95% CI: 1.146–1.508) compared to the non-IDD group.

Patients with IDD might be associated with a higher risk of post-COVID-19 conditions following SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the general population.