The atomic model is the foundation of atomic physics. In this paper, the principle of atomic
nucleus interaction with electrons is discussed, and the atomic model based on particle spin is …

… The speech signal was recorded in normal laboratory environment at 16 kHz sampling rate
and encoded with 16-bit quantization. In the testing phase,different background noise types, …

… Trajectory of the anomalous Hall effect towards the quantized state in a ferromagnetic
topological insulator [J]. Nat Phys,2014,10 ( 10) : 731 - 736. [19] LIU CX,QI XL,DAI X,et al. …

… to observe Quantum Spin Hall effect, a specific property … results supports that the Rashba
effect which is induced in gold … examine the quantized conductance and chiral edge state in Tl …

… quantization with the presence of insulator-quantum Hall transition in a GaAs two-dimensional
electron system We investigate the direct insulator-quantum Hall (I… quantum Hall effect We …

… quantized value that modern day resistance standard devices have been restricted to. Here,
we demonstrate multiple quantized … quantum Hall effect, a major component of this thesis. …

… Hall effect is an effect which has two counter conduction currents and spin order chiral edge
states … and provide an evidence to the robustness of the reentrant quantum spin Hall effect. …

… state physics, some topological physics phenomena, such as integer quantum Hall effect,
quantum spin Hall effect… Quantized Hall conductance in a two dimensional periodic potential[J]. …

… Recently, quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) has been observed in the … state. When
the Fermi level is tuned within the surface band gap, the Hall resistance can reach a quantized …

… spin - dependent gauge potentialwill lead to observable spin Hall currents that indicates
the spin Hall effects. Key words: ultra - cold atoms; gauge potential; quantum spin Hall effects …