Backgrounds: Indoxyl Sulfate (IS) is a protein metabolite in patients with chronic renal
insufficiency. It also is a uremic toxin that has been suggested to promote the progression of …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a digestive intermediate product that is a known indicator of chronic
kidney disease. Its toxicity has also been suggested to accelerate chronic kidney disease …

Background: Renal osteodystrophy is a serious health concern for patients with chronic
kidney disease (CKD). Low turnover bone disease, which is one of the histological …

Background/Aims: Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin that accumulates in
patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We explored the effect of IS on human early …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is one of important uremic toxins and is markedly accumulated in the
circulation of end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, which might contribute to the …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) accumulation occurs early during chronic kidney disease (CKD)
progression and contributes to renal dysfunction by inducing fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative …

美國國家腎臟基金會(The National Kidney Foundation, NKF) 依腎功能衰退程度所提出的腎臟
疾病分期標準, 慢性腎臟病可依腎絲球過濾率的下降區分成一至五期. 隨著病程發展尿毒素逐漸 …

Background Indoxyl sulfate (IS) accumulates in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and
cannot be cleared by dialysis. It is detrimental to cardiorenal function via pro-oxidant and pro …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) accumulation occurs early during chronic kidney disease (CKD)
progression and contributes to renal dysfunction by inducing fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative …

Inflammation and oxidative stress are common features of patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD) and many uremic solutes retained in these patients could be involved in …