The aeronautical ad-hoc network (AANET) is one of the critical methodologies to satisfy the
Internet connectivity requirement of airplanes during their flights. However, the ultra-dynamic
topology and unstable air-to-air link characteristics increase the need for AANETs to a
particular routing algorithm compared to the terrestrial networks. This need is mainly
because these AANET-specific characteristics increase the delays, packet losses, and
network load with accuracy reduction by continuously changing topology and breaking air-to …