Liberalism in China can be traced to Yan Fu's translations of works of Victorian liberalism in
the late nineteenth century. This was years before either fascism or communism were …

This book is about how one of the leading intellectual architects of Chinese modernization,
Yan Fu (1854-1921), introduced the Chinese intellectual world to the liberalism of John …

The first self-conscious advocacy of a liberal political program in China did not appear until
the late nineteenth century, when monarchical advisors including Tan Sitong, Kang Youwei …

Despite its enormous influence in modern Chinese history, constitutional liberalism for the
most part has been seen as a tangent to the revolutionary development that culminated in …

Liberalism has had a long history in China. Western culture and ideas of liberty, equality,
and fraternity began influencing China about 200 years ago and continue to have a major …

It may be said with good reason that there is no future for Chinese liberalism because it is all
but dead as a self-conscious movement in China, although one can hardly deny that a few …

After selz1ng national power in 1927-28, the Guomindang lost its revolutionary dedication
with astonishing suddenness. Corruption quickly became widespread; factions within the …

The building of the Republic of China (on January 1, 1912) brought about a modern
parliamentary democracy that lasted for only two years (1912–1913). During that period …

Socialism has been a visible issue in Chinese ideological conflicts continuously since 1905,
when socialist policies were first incorporated into the political agenda of the Revolutionary …

Scholars and partisans of liberty often dispute whether liberty is the natural desire of all
humans or—as Orlando Patterson (1992), among many others, contends—the product of a …