Over the past dozen years, political reforms in China have failed to make as much headway
as some observers had expected. 1 And it goes without saying that Deng's final years were …

In the history of political institutions, dictatorship is identified with arbitrary power which
implies" caprice,"" whim," and, in more neutral terminology, far ranging discretion. Under …

China's leaders declared a reform renewal last year, but nothing of significance occurred
before the National People's Congress met. The congress confirmed the appointments of …

In order to prevent economic or political crises in the early 1990s, the Chinese leadership
decided to resume economic reforms. In 1992, China declared that a market economy was …

Western analysis of contemporary China has habitually measured ongoing events in China
by fashionable ideological standards. During the Cultural Revolution era, there was a …

China's economic reform entered a new phase in 1994 when the nation launched a
comprehensive program designed for completion by the year 2010. This paper reviews past …

Few issues have been more debated in recent years than the choice between gradualism
and shock therapy in the transition from socialism. Opponents of big-bang strategies (as in …

This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts discussed in the preceding
chapters of this book. The book demonstrates how" liberalization" allows state enterprises to …

The reform/opening process led to a dramatic and persistence economic growth and
catapulted China among the major economic nations in the world. Yet, when focusing on …

China in 1993 was gripped by two fundamental processes. One was economic-the workings
of the primary stage of capitalismand the other was natural-Deng Xiaoping's imminent …