39 of socialism and communism were only in the process of excavation.'The compelling
urgency during the decade of open and covert civil war against the Kuomintang was the …

On December 5, 1978, Wei Ching-sheng put up a wall poster entitled" The Fifth
Modernization" on the Democracy Wall along Peking's Ch'ang-an Boulevard. The historical …

In his report to the Fourteenth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in October
1992, Party Secretary Jiang Zemin summarized two of the reasons why the regime has been …

This past spring the world looked on in wonder as millions filled the streets of Beijing and 80
other Chinese cities, defying the Communist regime and demanding democracy. Epoch …

The Chinese Communist Revolution, led by Mao Zedong (1893–1976), routed the
Kuomintang (Nationalist) forces of Chiang Kai-shek in 1949. In attempting to adapt Marxism …

In communist theory, the state is a coercive apparatus that exercises the dictatorship of a
single class. Proletarian revolution consists of seizing that apparatus from the oppressing …

CHINA'S LEADERS have held out the promise of some form of democracy to the people of
China for nearly a century. After China's last dynasty, the Qng, collapsed in 19n, Sun Yat-sen …

Since the death of Mao Zedong, it has gone out of fashion to take Chinese Communist
political thought seriously. At one time, Western scholars devoted themselves to detailed …

The imperatives of modernization, legitimacy, and a permanent pi litical order have been the
major concerns of the Chinese Communist Party since 1S76. A central part of the Party's …

China's all-embracing totalitarianism, resulting from the combination of the old forces of
feudal-despotism and the new tradition of Stalinism, is the key to the peculiarly deep …