The discussion on the Bologna Process in a global setting started formally during the
preparation of the Bergen Ministerial Summit in 2005. This was six years after the official
launch of the Bologna Process, a European intergovernmental cooperation in the area of
higher education. The intention that the Bologna Process should also have effects outside
Europe were clear already in the Bologna Declaration (1999, 1–3) which stated among its
objectives:'strengthening the international recognition and attractive potential of our …

The discussion on the Bologna Process in a global setting started formally during the
preparation of the Bergen Ministerial Summit in 2005. The Bologna Process is a
decentralized but coordinated intergovernmental process of 48 European countries and the
European Commission. It has a policy-network-like model of governance, which is
purposefully different from the bureaucratic governance ideal in which state actors have sole
authority actors. The broad objective of the Process has been to modernize and advance …