circular polarization for GNSS application instead of using an LNA. The measured directivity
reveals an enhancement of gain by back-lobe reduction. The reflection coefficient, appears-
10 dB, is 71.51% BW from 1.06 to 2.24 GHz. The axial ratio, under the area of 3 dB, is
36.14% BW over 1.142-1.646 GHz. The average gain is 6.86 dBi overall GNSS band, while
the maximum gain is 7.43 dBi at 1.314 GHz.