Fingerprinting (FP), Time-of-flight (ToF), and Trilateration approach. When empirical channel
models are used with Ultra Wideband (UWB) systems, there are plenty of challenges that
must be taken into consideration due to their dependence on frequency. Thus, when the
position of a Blind Node (BLN) is estimated using the aforementioned techniques and the
values deriving from these models, positioning error occurs. In order to minimize the …