many hard optimization problems. This paper investigates the use of Bat algorithm in
combination with Back-propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm to solve the local
minima problem in gradient descent trajectory and to increase the convergence rate. The
performance of the proposed Bat based Back-Propagation (Bat-BP) algorithm is compared
with Artificial Bee Colony using BPNN algorithm (ABC-BP) and simple BPNN algorithm …