numerical analysis, CEL method (Coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian technique). Overall, the
results show the reduction trend of end bearing capacity in the large diameter open-ended
steel piles due to the plugging effect. To simulate the process of pile driving, this research
considered BPM (Blow per Meter) theory. The factors of parametric studies are the pile
diameter, the pile length, the soil condition in sand and the driving energy of pile controlled …