study. An ADM chip with fast write speed (< 300ns) and robust operation (> 109 cycles) are
shown indicating the potential for high performance MLC OTS-PCM. A desirable 2-bits/cell
operation up to 108 cycles without further read verification is achieved based on 100 cells
data from 1Mbit crosspoint array. Systematic discussions of MLC operation under “1/2V”
scheme is further presented, and threshold voltage (Vt) drift is evaluated accordingly.