in a cavity. For this reason, we propose and demonstrate a novel principle of active MMI-based
BLD for the first time in this paper. Our MMI-BLD device can act as all-optical flip-flop
utilizing the cross-gain saturation [6] between the fundamental and first-order modes which
leads to sufficient cross-gain even in relatively short cavity. Experimental results
demonstrate optical bistability for operation current around 100mA with 8mA hysteresis …