Deforestation and land degradation have been occurring across the globe, particularly in
developing countries. Over the past 30 years, Indonesia's lowlands have experienced rapid
degradation, deforestation and fires. Interventions aimed to achieve sustainable lowlands
have been made through the introduction and adoption of commodities that provide
sufficient livelihoods and reduce fires. However, these interventions have not guaranteed
success as the contribution of the governance and political economy towards sustainability …