This paper aims to present a review on the natural stand dynamics as recorded in 'virgin'and
other untreated beech forest reserves in East Central Europe. This information can
contribute to defining the reference point for nature-based management of beech forests.
Topics covered include: distribution of beech, major beech forest types, growth
characteristics, seed production and survival, germination and establishment, growth and
mortality patterns during development, regeneration cycles, dead wood and herbaceous …