This paper presents a method to assess the key performance indicators of aircraft designed
for minimum direct operating costs and aircraft designed for minimum global warming
impact. The method comprises a multidisciplinary aircraft optimization algorithm capable of
changing wing, engine, and mission design variables while including constraints on flight
and field performance. The presented methodology uses traditional class-I methods
augmented with dedicated class-II models to increase the sensitivity of the performance …

T fact that aviation contributes to global warming is well-established [1]. In 2005, it was
estimated that aviation resulted in approximately 3.5% of the anthropogenic radiative
forcing, or 4.9% if the effects of cirrus cloud enhancement were included. Although these
numbers may seem relatively small, it is important to note that the aviation transport industry
grows fast compared to other transport sectors, by approximately 4 to 5% annually in terms
of revenue passenger kilometer (RPK)[2, 3], ignoring the potential influence of the Corona …