Toxicity testing relies heavily on animals, especially rodents as part of the non-clinical
laboratory testing of substances. However, the use of mammalians and the number of
animals employed in research has become a concern for institutional ethics committees.
Toxicity testing involving rodents and other mammals is laborious and costly. Alternatively,
non-rodent models are used as replacement, as they have less ethical considerations and
are cost-effective. Of the many alternative models that can be used as replacement models …