Since the demise of the then Apartheid regime transcending to new democratic governance, South Africa experienced a proliferations of foreigners into the country as asylum seekers and general non documented immigrants inhabiting our country. Many of these foreigners integrated themselves with the demographic of South African community. Judge Jody Kollapen asserted that South Africa consist of unequal society meaning that the gap between the have and the have not is greater. Evidently are the high levels of unemployment in South Africa and the competition against resources by the society. In May 2008, widespread violence against foreigners broke out in Alexandra. The International Organization for Migration (2009) report assert that “in its wake, 62 people, including 21 South Africans, were dead; at least 670 wounded; dozen of women raped and at least 100 000 persons displaced and property worth of millions of Rand looted, destroyed or seized by local residents and leaders”. There are general affirmations and observations by media and foreigners that South Africans are xenophobic. Hence in the contrary the South African Government asserts that South African are not xenophobic, however attacks of the foreign nationals is perpetuated and motivated by criminal activities. There is a need to establish what caused these attacks on foreign National leading to insecurity in South Africa to a certain extent. This case study is ensued to investigate and impart knowledge on the manifestation of the xenophobic attacks. Although much research has been done on xenophobia in the world minimal information about South Africa’s xenophobic attacks is available. There is a need to build on the existing body of knowledge to prevent future conflict and to impart knowledge about xenophobia. The purpose of this paper is to explore which factors were responsible for the manifestation of the xenophobic attacks. The Mpumalanga Xenophobic attacks case study is ensued to establish factors which lead to the manifestation of the xenophobic attacks.