… • So far we described what is a learning classifier system without giving any detail about
how knowledge is represented. … Difficulty • The genetic algorithm does not readily allow
evaluation of the computational complexity of learning classifier systems. • Until the recent
years, learning classifier systems dealt with problems of limited complexity. …

This accessible introduction shows the reader how to understand, implement, adapt, and
apply Learning Classifier Systems (LCSs) to interesting and difficult problems. The text
builds an understanding from basic ideas and concepts. The authors first explore learning
through environment interaction, and then walk through the components of LCS that form
this rule-based evolutionary algorithm. The applicability and adaptability of these methods is
highlighted by providing descriptions of common methodological alternatives for different …