In a rodent model of AAS abuse, testosterone-treated male rats expend more physical effort,
by repeatedly pressing a lever for a large reward in an operant discounting task. However,
since modern society prioritizes cognitive over physical effort, it is important to determine if
AAS limit cognitive effort. Here we tested the effects of AAS on a novel cognitive-effort
discounting task. Each operant chamber had 3 nose-pokes, opposite 2 levers and a pellet …