proposed and analyzed. First, the geometric topology of the ORPMFS machine is
introduced. Then, the PM-excited magneto motive force and open-circuit air-gap flux density
are analyzed. Throughout the analysis, the ORPMFS machine is found to have the same air-
gap flux density waveform as surface-mounted permanent magnet machine. Furthermore,
the analytical equation of the back-electromotive force in the ORPMFS machine is deduced …