and performance were investigated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of
nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments with
group-specific primers. Samples of raw sewage and treated effluents were amplified using
the whole-cell PCR method, and the activated sludge samples were amplified using the
extracted genomic DNA before the PCR products were loaded on the same DGGE gel for …