During 2013 Chinese government announced an ambitious initiative under the name One Belt One Road, which colloquially became known as The New Silk Road. A declared project goal is to build infrastructure that would connect China to other countries in Asia, Europe and Africa (encompassing one maritime and three overland routes) which would, in turn, enhance overall global trade and bring economic benefits to all partner-countries involved. However, expert opinions differ on what real project goals actually are. In this paper we discuss characteristics, motivations and risks behind The New Silk Road initiative and analyze what potential economic and political impacts it might result with.