all English language coaching research published in journals from 1970 to 2001. In Phase
II, copies of the research were obtained. An expert panel conducted a manual search and a
review in Phase III to address validity. Analysis of the research was completed in Phase IV
(Culver, Gilbert, & Trudel, 2003; Silverman & Skonie, 1997). Over 1,100 articles were
reviewed, and 610 met the inclusion criteria. Selected findings include:(a) a relatively low …