[PDF][PDF] Annotating natural language geographic references

I Mani, J Hitzeman, C Clark - proceeding of LREC, 2008 - academia.edu
I Mani, J Hitzeman, C Clark
proceeding of LREC, 2008academia.edu
SpatialML is an annotation scheme for marking up references to places in natural language.
It covers both named and nominal references to places, grounding them where possible with
geo-coordinates, including both relative and absolute locations, and characterizes
relationships among places in terms of a region calculus. A freely available annotation editor
has been developed for SpatialML, along with three annotated corpora, including a corpus
of annotated documents released by the Linguistic Data Consortium. Inter-annotator …
Abstract
SpatialML is an annotation scheme for marking up references to places in natural language. It covers both named and nominal references to places, grounding them where possible with geo-coordinates, including both relative and absolute locations, and characterizes relationships among places in terms of a region calculus. A freely available annotation editor has been developed for SpatialML, along with three annotated corpora, including a corpus of annotated documents released by the Linguistic Data Consortium. Inter-annotator agreement on SpatialML extents is 77.0 F-measure on that corpus, but 92.3 F-measure on another (ProMED) corpus. The paper discusses a number of issues affecting inter-annotator agreement.
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